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本帖最后由 大光 于 2012-2-10 20:21 编辑
肾移植术后早期停用泼尼松副作用较少
来自于:医脉通 2012-02-08 11:18 编辑:范振光
一项长达十年的研究称,肾移植后不久停止使用免疫抑制剂泼尼松的患者可避免出现激素相关的副作用,而且不会危害新的器官。
明尼苏达大学的Arthur J. Matas博士和他的同事在《美国肾脏病学会临床杂志》(Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Jan 26.)报告称,与历史对照相比,迅速终止泼尼松(RDP)方案治疗的非糖尿病活体受体中,7%的患者在10年时出现新发糖尿病(与历史对照相比,P<0.001)。死体受体的10年新发糖尿病率为11%(与历史对照相比,P<0.001)。
作者解释说,长期使用高剂量泼尼松有多种副作用,包括移植后葡萄糖耐受不良和新发糖尿病,白内障,股骨头缺血性坏死。
此外,2000年以前,大多数针对肾移植受体的免疫抑制治疗方案中包含大剂量泼尼松(移植时2mg/kg以上,1年缓慢降至0.1至0.15mg/kg),该治疗方案的泼尼松相关发病率明显较高。从1999年10月1日至2010年12月31日该医疗中心共进行了1241例成人原发性肾移植。术后第5天终止泼尼松免疫抑制方案。最短随访时间为3个月。RDP治疗性糖尿病和非糖尿病活体器官受体10年后内障率显著下降(低于5%,历史对照组约15%),死体器官受体患者(约15%,历史对照组约30%)。非糖尿病、活体器官受体与死体器官受体10年后的缺血性坏死率类似(小于5%:5%左右,p= 0.02)(近1:小于5%,p< 0.001)。
文章作者利用美国受体科学注册系统的数据作为历史对照,观察了10年后的精算受体和移植物存活率。活体肾移植患者当中,患者10年精算存活率为71%;那些死体肾移植患者中的10年精算存活率为62%。在泼尼松历史对照组中,与泼尼松快速停药组相比,活体移植队列的10年存活率为71%,(p= 0.87),而死体移植队列与泼尼松快速停药组相比,10年存活率为66%,(P =0.030)。移植存活数显示,研究的过程存在相似的的模式,其中快速停药组与历史对照组相比,10年活体受体患者的精算存活率分别为61%和58%(p =0.38)。死体受体患者的10年精算生存率在快速停药组和存活率历史对照组中分别为51%和43%(p =0.004)。轻中度的急性排斥发作采用快速泼尼松减量治疗,对于激素耐药性病例,制定了抗体治疗。抗排斥治疗后,大部分患者每天给予5mg泼尼松治疗。当观察发生急性排斥反应的移植存活率时,无急性排斥反应的活体移植受体10年存活率为71%。与之相比,那些有排斥反应(p= 0.61)患者存活率为68%。无急性排斥反应的死体移植受体10年存活率为65%,历史对照组为50%(p = 0.48)。
笔者指出一些研究具有局限性,最明显的局限性是该研究为非随机研究,在单中心进行,其中大多数患者为白人。此外,未获得临床计划性活检。他们解释说,“虽然RDP受体平均[估计肾小球滤过]率水平仍然保持稳定,但由于缺乏泼尼松维持治疗,一些移植物可能不会出现进行性纤维化。”
最后,将泼尼松相关副作用与使用高维持剂量药物的历史队列进行了比较,现在很多医疗中心使用泼尼松的剂量要比10年前低的多。笔者呼吁进行一项前瞻性随机试验,对比RDP与快速将泼尼松减至5mg/天的维持疗法。
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]
Ten-Year Outcome after Rapid Discontinuation of Prednisone in Adult Primary Kidney Transplantation.
Rizzari MD, Suszynski TM, Gillingham KJ, Dunn TB, Ibrahim HN, Payne WD, Chinnakotla S, Finger EB, Sutherland DE, Kandaswamy R, Najarian JS, Pruett TL, Kukla A, Spong R, Matas AJ.
SourceDivision of Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;
Abstract:
Background and objectivesRapid discontinuation of prednisone after kidney transplantation potentially allows for minimization of steroid-related side effects. Although intermediate-term data with rapid discontinuation of prednisone have been promising, concern still exists regarding long-term outcom... Background and objectivesRapid discontinuation of prednisone after kidney transplantation potentially allows for minimization of steroid-related side effects. Although intermediate-term data with rapid discontinuation of prednisone have been promising, concern still exists regarding long-term outcomes. The 10-year experience is reported herein.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsBetween October 1, 1999 and December 31, 2010, 1241 adult primary kidney transplants (791 living donor and 450 deceased donor) were performed using a protocol in which prednisone is discontinued after postoperative day 5. The 10-year actuarial recipient and graft survival rates and prednisone-related side effects were studied.ResultsTen-year actuarial patient survival was 71% for living donor transplants and 62% for deceased donor transplants; 10-year graft survival was 61% for living donor transplants and 51% for deceased donor transplants, and was comparable to 10-year Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients national data. Ten-year death-censored graft survival was 79% for living donor transplants and 80% for deceased donor transplants. Ten-year acute rejection rates were 25% for deceased donor transplants and 31% for living donor transplants; 10-year chronic rejection (interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy) rates were 39% for deceased donor transplants and 47% for living donor transplants. For nondiabetic recipients of living donor or deceased donor allografts, the incidence of new-onset diabetes was significantly lower than in historical controls on prednisone (P<0.001). We also found significantly reduced rates of cataracts, avascular necrosis, and cytomegalovirus infection in some subgroups.ConclusionsPrednisone-related side effects can be minimized in a protocol incorporating rapid discontinuation of prednisone for maintenance immunosuppression. Ten-year patient and graft outcomes remain acceptable.
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