Pharmacokinetic differences between morning and evening administration of cyclosporine and tacrolimus therapy
环孢素和他克莫司治疗早晚给药的药代动力学差异
【英文摘要】We performed 24-hour monitoring of cyclosporine (NEO) and tacrolimus (TAC) blood concentrations, evaluating pharmacokinetic parameters and characterizing circadian variations. The monitoring was performed in 10 instances on nine patients administered NEO and 12 out of 11 patients administered TAC. All cases were administered equally divided doses of drugs twice daily orally. Blood samples were taken before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 hours after NEO or TAC administration in the morning and evening. The pharmacokinetic parameters were compared between morning and evening administrations of both drugs. AUC0-12, AUC0-4, C(max), C2, and C(max)/C(min) of NEO and TAC were significantly lower during the evening compared with morning administrations. C(min) values were significantly higher in the evening. T(max) of NEO was longer in evening, although there was not a significant difference; T(max) of TAC was significantly longer in the evening. We found that NEO and TAC administrations in the evening resulted in reduced bioavailability and delayed absorption when compared with drug administrations in the morning. It was thought that the difference in bioavailability between morning and evening administrations was smaller with TAC, because TAC shows lower peak levels and a flatter blood concentration curve than NEO. C(min) was higher after evening administration than morning because of delayed absorption, though the bioavailability of both drugs decreased in the evening. These results suggest that we have to appreciate apparently high trough levels.
【译文】我们对环孢素(NEO)和他克莫司(TAC)的血液浓度进行了24小时监测,评估了药代动力学参数并表征了昼夜节律变化。对9例接受NEO的患者进行了10次监测,11例接受TAC的患者中有12例进行了监测。所有病例每天口服两次等分剂量的药物。在早上和晚上施用NEO或TAC之前和之后1、2、3、4、6 和 12 小时采集血样。比较两种药物早晚给药的药代动力学参数。
与早晨给药相比,晚上给药后NEO和TAC的AUC0-12、AUC0-4、Cmax、C2和Cmax/Cmin 显著降低。晚上给药后的Cmin值显著更高。NEO的Tmax在晚上更长,虽然没有显著差异;TAC的Tmax在晚上明显更长。我们发现,与早上给药相比,晚上给药导致NEO和TAC生物利用度降低和吸收延迟。
人们认为TAC早晚给药的生物利用度差异较小,因为TAC显示出比NEO更低的峰值水平和更平坦的血药浓度曲线。由于吸收延迟,晚间给药后Cmin高于早晨给药,尽管两种药物的生物利用度在晚间下降。
这些结果表明我们必须意识到明显的高谷浓度水平。
原始来源:
T. Iwahori et al. Pharmacokinetic Differences Between Morning and Evening Administration of Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus Therapy[J]. Transplantation Proceedings, 2005, 37(4) : 1739-1740. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.02.104. PMID: 15919450.
在文献【蒋华,张晓辉,何强,吴建永,陈江华.肾移植患者口服环孢霉素A血中谷浓度早晚差异的临床观察[J].肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志,2002(04):361-362.】中,只测定了环孢素的早晚谷浓度,没有对环孢素浓度进行24h监测,研究者根据谷浓度与曲线下面积(AUC)的相关程度推测环孢素白天的生物利用度可能要比晚上低。从文献【T. Iwahori et al. Pharmacokinetic Differences Between Morning and Evening Administration of Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus Therapy[J]. Transplantation Proceedings, 2005, 37(4) : 1739-1740.】来看,这种推测是失真的。后者的研究表明,与早上给药相比,晚上给药导致环孢素生物利用度降低和吸收延迟。晚间给药后谷浓度高于早晨给药的原因,则可由晚间的吸收延迟来解释。
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